Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth I and the reformation in England Essay

Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth I and the reformation in England - Essay Example natural deaths, two with beheadings of his wives for various violations of the law, including treason and adultery and two others were ended after being terminated by the king. The king’s children Elizabeth I, Edward VI and Mary I later on took turns in ruling over England. The king was handed over the throne at just 17 years. Immediately six weeks after taking the reins of power, he married Catherine of Aragon. King Henry and Catherine were able to have three daughters and three sons within the next fifteen years while in power. Unfortunately, all but one died during infancy. Mary was the only child that survived. During Mary’s childhood, Henry the VIII was actively participating in jousting, hunting and music writing and composing. King Henry additionally wrote a book commenting on Martin Luther’s proposed reforms on the church. The book received much recognition, even from Pope Leo X, branding him a â€Å"Defender of Faith† (Shrank, 2006). However, his lack of a male child, particularly because he procreated a healthy unlawful son in 1519 worried him very much. In the 16th Century, England was a land of much dissimilarity. It was not as urbanized as either Netherlands or Spain; it nonetheless controlled a flourishing transnational trade headquarters in London. In addition, Cambridge and Oxford were two Centers of learning of exceptional repute. The two institutions later on played a fundamental function in the initial campaigns against Martin Luther King. King Henry VIII kept the brightest theologians by his side, providing him with substantial arguments that allowed him to counter the growing Lutheran sacrilege. The process of Reformation in England was tightly associated with King Henry’s personal matters. His swelling fear to be released from his matrimonial duties and responsibilities to Catherine of Aragon obligated him to consider deep-seated changes that heavily contradicted the grain of his inbred religious obscurantism. In light of this, the

Google in China Essay Example for Free

Google in China Essay Google is the fastest growing Internet search engine company. Google’s mission is â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.†(International Business: Competing in the Global marketplace, pg 148-149) They have a mantra of â€Å"Don’t be Evil.† Google started this mantra to be the main message to show consumers they would not compromise the integrity of its search results. This case reviews the situation under which Google was required to censor its content and chose to launch its new search engine site. The case explains the role of the Chinese government and its regulations in the Internet market which had a negative effect on Googles operations in China. In 2000, Google started a Chinese language service. This service was operated from the United States. Chinese authorities blocked the site in 2002 because China censors information to their citizens. This block surprised Google’s managers. This was a challenge the managers did not plan on. If they done their research of the Chinese Government and culture prior to launching the Chinese language service, they would have known the block would be inevitable and they could have tailored their service to the Chinese regulations, culture, and laws. Google knew China was an advantageous business and they would need to adapt their service in order for it to be acceptable and profitable. Google also had to move the Chinese operations to China. Operating from the United States caused slow connection speed and hinder their operation and growth. This was a good move because it enabled Google to employee Chinese citizens who would be able to help understand and adapt to the Chinese laws, regulations, and censorship demands. Google managers made a mistake by not researching their target market. However, they acted quickly in learning and correcting this mistake. Google still offered Chinese citizens a better search engine, but it was not without censorship. The Google search engine offers more results than its competitors, Yahoo, Microsoft’s MSN, and China’s own company, Baidu. Google states Chinese consumers will â€Å"get more information on their site, though not quite all of it.† (International Business: Competing in the Global marketplace, pg 148-149) In 2006, Google had 30 percent share of China’s internet search engines. Baidu had 40 percent. This left another 30 percent split between Yahoo and Microsoft’s MSN search engines. These percentages are good, especially when one considers Yahoo and Microsoft had entered the Chinese search engine market prior to Google. Baidu has several advantages over Google that are mostly associated with it being a Chinese based company, the search engine has â€Å"competence in pinpointing queries in the Chinese language† (Yin Yulin, 2010, p. 4). Government relations with China are precarious for businesses effectiveness. Google did not have a clear understanding of what they would be involved in. China has become more supported and self-assured due to its increasing economic significance. They are more reluctant to be pressed by Western governments or companies into changing its long term regulations and censorship. Because of this aspect, China does not yet comprehend global strategies and the importance of global public relations. This causes them to be more rigid in their international business dealings. All-in-all, Google has been able to grow successfully in the Chinese search engine market and maintain the number two spot (behind Baidu) in China despite their lack of early research on the Chinese culture, governmental regulations, and laws. References International Business. Competing in the Global Marketplace, Seventh Edition, Chapter 3: Differences in Culture ISBN: 9780073381343 Author: Charles W. L. Hill copyright  © 2009 McGraw-Hill, a business unit of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Christianity versus Evolution :: essays research papers

For over a hundred years now a battle has been raging over the origin of the Universe and man. Soldiers of Science have drawn the battle lines with each side using various scientific and non - scientific theories as their weapons. Who will ultimately win the war depends on who holds the most powerful weapons. On one side we have the Evolutionists. On the other side we have the Creationists. Evolutionists believe in spontaneous generation: This is the belief that life came from non-living matter. Creationists believe that life was created by an intelligent supernatural being ( God ). Evolution: - depends on current scientific theories to show the origin of man and the universe. There is a problem with this: Science is constantly changing. Newer and different theories are always being formed concerning our origin. When one theory is found to be false, another theory is quickly postulated to cover the first error. For instance: 1 - Concentric theory - 15th century - taught that sun, planets revolved around the earth. 2 - Phlogiston theory - 17th - 18th century - taught that every substance that burns contained a mysterious ingredient called "Phlogiston". It was later shown to be oxygen. 3 - It was once an accepted scientific fact that mice came from dirty underwear. Do you dare put your trust in a belief or a theory that is that fickle? You do if you believe in evolution! The Evolutionists continue to build on shaky, ever shifting ground. Sometimes the ground that they build on is not even there. As I was sitting in my chair I knew it had no bottom there No legs, no back, but I just sat Ignoring little things like that Evolution, creation and geology (the study of the physical nature, history, development of the earth) Man has believed, for most of his existence, that the earth was only a few thousand years old. But a new theory surfaced in the 19th century called "Uniformitarianism". This is the belief that nature can be explained by natural causes. In other words, the complex structure of life that we have today slowly occurred over a long period of time. This changed the belief that instead of the earth being only a few thousand years old, it is now several billion years old (5) for that is how long it would take for the earth to develop if the theory of Uniformitarianism is true. Evolution was built merely on a supposition, but it was offered as fact; all the while Evolutionists went hunting for proof.

The Problem of Poverty: Welfare in America Essays -- Poverty Essays

The Problem of Poverty: Welfare in America For centuries, nations, cities, and individual families have dealt with the problem of poverty; how to remedy current situations and how to prevent future ones. For most of history, there have been no government controlled poverty assistance programs. The poor simply relied on the goodness of their families or, if they did not have a family, on the generosity of the public at large. In the United States, this situation changed in 1935 with the passage of the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act has seen many successes, but it also faces many critiques of its structure and function. In the past, most governments did little to actively aid their poor population. This duty was understood to fall on the families of the poor individuals, charity groups, and generous individuals. Some governments aided their needy in indirect ways. One of the first government-mediated assistance programs was passed by the English Parliament in 1601 as the Act for the Relief of the Poor. This act s et up local 'parishes' that were responsible for taking care of the poor in their own district. However, the government provided no funds to facilitate this program?the parishes were responsible for levying and collecting taxes to finance their programs. Though it would be considered a very primitive form of welfare by today?s standards, it was a large step toward government-mediated welfare compared to the English system 250 years before that. In 1349, Parliament forbade charity on the grounds that it might encourage laziness. Since then, public attitudes have changed about the responsibility of the citizens and the government to provide for the assistance of the needy. Limited federal assistance was given to war veterans and their families beginning during the Civil War, but large scale assistance to the general needy community was not available for almost 75 more years (Komisar 48). A large contribution toward the assistance of the poor in the United States came during the Progre ssive movement around the turn of the century. Activist groups championed not only workers rights in the form of unions, but also the right of every citizen to have access to decent living conditions (Komisar 67). The Progressive movement slackened during the prosperous ?20s, but the social welfare issue was forcefully placed back into the public con... ...banks could meet the needs of the increased number of people who seek their services. Although it is probably impossible to achieve complete freedom from poverty, society need not sit idly by in the face of such a monumental challenge. Indeed, it is the public duty of each individual to aid in the improvement of the lives of poor persons around the nation and around the world. Large-scale, complex systems such as the one now in place in America, only serve to create an inefficient, costly effort that could be achieved with less manpower and fewer dollars. Government oversight and subsidizing of private contributions toward the elimination of poverty is a far more efficient, adaptive, and economical way of working toward the eradication of the problem of poverty. Bibliography Garfinkel, Irwin. ?Welfare?, World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc., New York, Vol 21, pp. 191-193, Â ©1988. Komisar, Lucy. Down and Out in the USA: A History of Public Welfare. Rev. ed. Watts, Chicago, Â ©1977. Patterson, James. America?s Struggle Against Poverty, 1900-1980., Harvard Press, Boston, Â ©1981. Segalman, Ralph. Poverty in America: The Welfare Dilemma, Greenwood, Los Angeles, Â ©1981

Expulsion of Moors

In 1492, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II conducted a terms in which Muslims are allowed to preserve their mosques and religious institutions, to retain the use of their language and to continue to abide by their own laws and customs. But within seven years these terms had been broken. The Moors, the descendants of the Muslim population, were given a choice between to convert to Christianity or exile. For the majority, baptism was the only practical option. So the Spanish Moors became the â€Å"New Christians† and subject to the jurisdiction of the Inquisition. The moors had to abandon the Arabic language, uncover their faces, and forced to let their doors opened. For most â€Å"new Christans†, their conversion weren’t absolute, the Moors act like Christian, but continued to practice Islam in secret. They lead a double life with a clear conscience because certain Islamic religious authorities allowed that, under a threat, Muslims might apply the principle of â€Å" TAQUIYA† . they may drink wine, eat pork and uncover their faces. A person who refused to drink wine or eat pork might be denounced as a Muslim to the Inquisition. In 1567 Philip II renewed an edict which had never been strictly enforced, making the use of Arabic illegal and prohibiting Islamic religion, dress and customs. This edict resulted in the Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568-1570), which were suspected to corroborate with the Turks. During The uprising Moriscos get help from Turkish and Moroccan volunteers. The uprising was brutally suppressed by Don John of Austria. By the spring of 1571, the Moriscos were massacred and defeated. Some were killed and others were deported under inhumane conditions. Moors were suspected to corroborate with the Turks, a permanent solution by the inquisitions which to proceed with the expulsion of the Moors. On April 09, 1609, King Philip III of Spain decreed the Expulsion of the Moriscos. The Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. The majority of the forced emigrants settled in the Maghrib or Barbary Coast, especially in Oran, Tunis, Tlemcen, Tetuan, Rabat and Sale.

buy custom The Schuman Declaration essay

buy custom The Schuman Declaration essay The Schuman Declaration was proposed and declared by the then Foreign minister for France, Robert Schuman, in May 1950. It led to the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the predecessor to the European Union (EU). The main aim was to create organization and economic links between European countries with an overall objective of fostering peace and diplomatic relations. The Schuman Declaration not only fostered peace but also ruled out the eventuality of war among European nations. As Gowland states, war was not only unthinkable, but (also) materially impossible. Europe, having experienced the Second World War, was keen to redevelop and revamp its institutions in order to ensure prosperity. If any rapid economic growth was to be achieved, there was a need to obtain coal and steel cheaply and easily from neighboring countries. Most of these resources were already available in Germany, a country that distrusted its fellow European countries for the chief reason that they were in opposition during the War. The European Coal and Steel Community ensured that Germany was recognized as an equal trading partner across Europe. An irrevocable tie was thus created via a supranational union. Describe the general international situation at the time of the Schuman Declaration. Europe had just experienced the Second World War and there was great distrust among European nations, more so between Germany and the rest of the European nations. The two World Wars had almost split the continent apart and had seen a lot of bloodshed, financial losses and widespread destruction on both sides. In addition, there were fears about the possible emergence of a Third World War due to the escalating Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Hence, there was a need to come up with a supranational community that would create sufficient momentum for the European nations to gel as partners in order to withstand any looming crises. On the other hand, Germany recognized that the French distrusted them deeply and they feared the return of German natonalism. Chancellor Adenaur, the then German Chancellor, understood these difficulties. He shrewdly adopted the plan in order to advance Western Germanys desire for equality and sovereignty without raising suspicion. Through regional integration, Germany would be accepted as an equal member, therefore facilitating its reconstruction and rehabilitation. Explain what Schuman meant when he said: The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany. Any action taken must in the first pace concern these two countries. The Second World War had led to a division between the then European superpowers. After Germany was defeated by the Allied forces and the war came to an end, Europe was in need of reconstruction. For these to successfully take place, age-old enmity and mistrust had to be laid aside. The success of the Schuman Plan was heavily dependent on this. In addition, for the plan to be accepted internationally, three key actors needed to approve of the document: Germany, France and the United States. Although the United States was a major economic powerhouse and a world superpower that could not be ignored, the approval of the Schuman Declaration lay at the hands of the French and the Germans. Whereas it granted the Germans a means to re-establish their credentials across Europe and a viable method via which it could abolish all domestic and foreign policy controls, it availed a means through which the French could stamp their authority as an European power in addition to gaining protection fr om Germany, as was traditionally the case. Therefore, the Schuman Declaration overturned previous French concepts. Instead of fighting in order to gain control over an enemy, the Declaration availed a means via which both nations would treat each other as equals. What community was set up because of this Declaration and how was it run? The Schuman Declaration proposes that all coal and steel produced by France and Germany be placed under a higher authority. The production, distribution and marketing of these vital elements would be placed under the jurisdiction of this body and would be independent of the states governments. The higher authority was the precursor to the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The Schuman Declaration was open for other European countries to join. Hence, in April 1951, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium signed a treaty that led to the inception of the community. The ECSC was created under the treaty of Paris and run by a higher authority. Checks were performed by bodies elected by member states, Members of Parliament from the member states and the Court of Justice. The higher authority was an independent, executive and supranational body that was charged with the responsibility of drafting and overseeing policies within the jurisdiction of the ECSC. Its headquarters were located in Luxembourg. What were the objectives of this community? (as described in this declaration) The objectives of the ECSC can be derived from the Schuman Declaration. First, the declaration marked the onset of a unified Europe. Struggling to re-build various institutions, the community availed a means via which countries would quickly regain their status before the war. Secondly, the community aimed at fostering world peace and eliminating any eventualities of war between member states. This ensured that there would be no Third World War or inter-state wars. Thirdly, it created a common market across member countries. Raw materials produced in one country could be easily sold to a member state. Therefore, it lifted trade barriers. For instance, the rapid revitalization of the steel and coal sector led to the rapid economic expansion among member states. Finally, it led to a step-by-step redevelopment strategy that fostered democracy. Notably, the ECSC led to the dissolution of the Iron Curtain which existed between Eastern and Western Europe. This not only widened the market f or European communities but also led to deeper diplomatic ties amongst member nations. Buy custom The Schuman Declaration essay

mcclelland vs. grant essays

mcclelland vs. grant essays George McClellan and Ulysess S. Grant were two of the Civil Wars most prominent Northern generals. In this essay I will describe the two generals and provide brief details on the battles they were acquainted with. George McClellan was a US Military Academy graduate with an exemplary record as a cadet. In 1857 he resigned his commission to enter the rapidly expanding railroad business, where he quickly demonstrated outstanding ability. McClellan, appointed by Lincoln, was made commander of the main union army named the Army of the Potomac, after having proved himself a reliable commander of the Ohio troops. He immediately began drilling the disorganized and demoralized regiments into a reliable fighting force. He is described as to have been very well liked by his soldiers. His biggest weakness was his speed, or lack thereof. On one occasion Lincoln said if McClellan did not intent to use the Army of the Potomac he (Lincoln) would like to borrow it for a few days to see what he could do with it. (pg. 55) One example of McClellans slow tactics, however, persistence, were shown in early March of 1862. His plan consisted of maneuvering his army farther down the Chesapeake Bay in order to seize the Confederate capital. His plan faced an obstacle. The Virginia, a Confederate ship, attacked and almost shattered the union blockade. McClellan insisted that the Virginia be put our of commission before be began operations. (pg. 67) The Virginia eventually set sail back to the Norfolk harbor after four hours of engagement. In late March, although Lincoln urged him to move forth McClelland laid deliberate siege to Yorktown and allowed Confederate troops to stretch across the lower peninsula of Virginia. This delayed the advance for almost a month. McClellan thought that there were many more troops then there really were, mainly because his chief ...

“Story of an Hour” and “Desiree’s Baby” Essay Example

â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Essay Example â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Essay â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Essay Kate Chopin lived a conventional life, marrying young to a wealthy businessman and from a prominent family herself.   She began writing to help support her family when she was widowed at a young age and left with 6 children to take care of and only a meager salary to live on.   She was almost an immediate success in the literary field, but almost stopped writing completely after the publication of The Awakening, which had themes of personal and sexual freedom for women and shocked her American audiences.   Despite that, her work is still considered to be a prominent figure in early feminist literature.In the time that Chopin was writing, and the time she was writing in, both women and African Americans were considered citizens of secondary class.   They did not have the same rights, freedoms, and privileges as white males.   Women were males’ subordinates, expected to live and breathe for their men and their men’s benefit.   Any woman that strayed from this male-servicing mentality was considered to be an aberrant female- not normal, unfeminine, anti-woman.   Blacks were slaves, and that was as simple as that.   They were not people, they were property, and for a white woman to have a black child, meaning that she already betrayed her family and race by having sex with a black man and out of wedlock (since they were not allowed to intermarry) was considered among the highest atrocities.   The white men could sleep with the black female slaves, however, because (a) the slaves were their property and (b) women existed to fulfill men’s needs.â€Å"Story of an Hour† is about a woman who is told that her husband has died in a train accident.   Her friends were worried that the news would cause her severe devastation, but the result was quite the opposite.   She experienced relief, and was anxiously anticipating her newfound freedom†¦until her husband walked through the front door, alive and well, causing her the â€Å"severe devastation† and resulting in her death.   â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† is about a woman named Desiree whose recently-born child shows signs of undesired genetic makeup- the child appears to be of African American descent.   Desiree, who was adopted by a prominent family, is ostracized by her husband and thrown out of her home with the child, because he assumes it is she who is of â€Å"black blood† and disgraced him and his family’s good name.   We find out at the end of the story that it is not her at all, but him, and he finds out after he had already sent Desiree and the baby away.The main character is â€Å"Story of an Hour† is Louise Mallard.   Mrs. Mallard has a heart condition, but that is not all that appears to be â€Å"weak† about her.   She seems to be a very frail woman, the sort of woman who allows life to happen to her and who is a victim of her circumstance.   She is married to a man even she admits to be a wonderful person, and she never wanted for lack of love and affection.   Her situation appears to be a rather good one: loving husband who is not restrictive of her, well taken care of financially, friends and family that care for her tremendously.   And yet she still felt trapped.   She still felt as though she did not have her freedom, her ability to exist as a separate individual apart from her husband.   Her husband seemed to be the sort of man who would allow her to do whatever she wanted without question, yet she felt that the only way she could have her freedom was with him gone.   This mentality really only signifies her own mental weakness: that she is unable to take what resources she has to be independent and free and use them to her greatest advantage, instead once again being dependent upon another person for her own independence.Mrs. Mallard reacts in a number of ways when her husband dies.   When she first receives news of his death, she first weep s uncontrollably, then goes up to her room alone where she sits in silence, completely blank.   Then it dawns on her, and first she is gripped with terror, the excitement- she is free.   She became gripped with joy, until she saw her husband, still alive.   Whatever sorrow she felt initially was completely erased by the anxious anticipation of her freedom, her assertion of self.   She still felt a little sad for her dead husband, but that small feeling of sadness couldn’t compare to the immense joy she felt on top of it.Mr. Brently Mallard is a kind man.   He is, as described by Louise herself, a kind and loving man.   The way Louise herself describes him, it appears that he was a doting husband that would do anything for his wife and would also allow her to do anything she asked.   Their relationship seemed to be one that would be very positive; he did not appear to be a controlling man and would most likely have allowed Louise to pursue whatever she wanted wit hout question.I think that the end of this story shows Kate Chopin’s flair for tragic irony; that a woman with a heart condition would die of shock (and disappointment) upon seeing her husband still alive as opposed to finding out he died is incredibly ironic, and so much more considering her friends were reluctant to tell her for that very reason.   I think also that it is ironic that a woman with a husband who is so clearly understanding and loving would truly believe that her only chance of freedom is with him dead.   To me this shows a weakness in mind of the main character, and she deserved to be so overwhelmed by her husband’s reappearance that it killed her.   Louise Mallard would be a much more sympathetic character if her husband was cruel and abusive and controlling, but he was none of those things.   Therefore, her death, though definitely heavy in irony, is kind of anticlimactic.   By that point, I no longer cared what happened to this fool of a w oman.The character of Desiree in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† is another victim of circumstance, but in her case it is completely outside of her control.   Desiree Aubigny is a beautiful young girl, who was abandoned at birth and taken in by an affluent Louisiana family.   She married what she thought to be a wonderful man, and soon gave birth to a son that she loved dearly.   Desiree was full of joy; she loved life fully, and loved her husband and son even more.   She was so blinded by love, in fact, that as people began whispering about the color of her son’s skin, she didn’t at first notice; and she never once saw the darkness in her son’s skin for herself.   It wasn’t until her husband Armand turned his back on her because of it that she began to pay attention to it.Desiree reacts in a variety of ways to the crisis in her life.   When the rumors begin, Desiree is still blissfully oblivious, and perfectly content with her child and h er life.   Then she begins to sense that something is wrong, and this is when her husband starts to ignore her.   She is devastated by his treatment of her, but it still takes her some time to understand why.   When it finally dawns on her that her child is partially black, she is gripped with terror and confusion.   When her husband Armand accuses her ancestry as being at fault for their child’s color, she denies it, citing how white her skin is.   She cannot accept that she is to blame for what Armand is treating as an abomination.   In despair she writes her mother, who tells her to come home to her, and in one last pathetically hopeful attempt she questions Armand as to whether or not he wanted her to leave.   He did, and she left, dead inside, walking like a statue in a daze.Armand Aubigny is man in denial.   Poor adopted Desiree had no way of knowing that the man who would fall so madly in love with her would end up betraying her, turning his back on her , and all as a result of his own heritage (and which of her own she had no way of knowing, either, as a result of being abandoned by her birth parents).   Desiree is very much a victim in this case- a victim of a cruel, fickle man, who is more interested in protecting his own interests (such as his family’s name) than he is in standing by the love of his life’s side.   He turned his back on her, assuming immediately she was of African American descent, which she could not refute having been adopted, and cast her aside.   Armand is selfish, and his moods are like the weather- sometimes sunny and beautiful, other times stormy and vicious.   Before he and Desiree married, Armand had been a cruel and exacting man.   His nature became much gentler when he fell in love and married, and he was a wonderful, doting husband to Desiree.   But when his son’s heritage became increasingly more visible Armand’s cruelty came raging back, and Desiree received the brunt of it.   He did not hit her- he just ignored her, as if she didn’t exist, which can be even more cruel.   And he remained in complete denial that he could possibly be at fault for the child’s blackness; and presumably continued to do so even after he discovered his own mother’s letter.The end of this story is another example of Chopin’s love of tragic irony, only in this story it was much more powerful.   Throughout the story the reader feels pity for this poor girl Desiree who had no way of controlling what was happening to her, no way to disprove what was being accused of her, and no way to talk sense into her boorish, pig-headed husband.   The entire story is heart-wrenching, and the reader experiences how badly Desiree suffers.   But at the end, when the audience discovers that it was Armand whose own mother was black, we realize how unjustly Desiree had been treated and just how cruel Armand really was, and all because of him.   There is much more to sympathize with here, because Desiree’s suffering was much greater, and much less controllable.Louise Mallard and Desiree Aubigny are very similar characters.   Both women had husbands who, at least initially, adored them, and who were treated very well by their husbands.   Both women were victims of circumstances beyond their control- Louise with her heart condition and the false news, Desiree with her unknown parentage and black son.   Both women are dealt cruel blows at the hand of fate- Louise dies of shock at the sight of her living husband, and Desiree is thrown out of her home with her baby by her spiteful husband.   Both women are tragic characters.But for as many similarities exist between them, there are also a number of differences.   Desiree, for one, loved her husband and loved hr life.   She was happy and full of joy, until Armand turned against her.   Louise, on the other hand, was a miserable person who wished for death, an d it was only at the thought of losing her husband that she felt excitement and joy.   Desiree did not want to lose her husband, and that was ultimately was drove her into despair.   Louise did want to lose her husband and was ecstatic when she thought she did; when she found out the contrary, it devastated her so badly it killed her.   Both are victims of circumstance, but Louise had circumstances she could change.   Whatever negative situation she believed herself to be in was of her own doing and existed primarily in her own head; her husband was not one who would try to control her or prevent her from doing anything she wanted to do, she just merely believed that to be true.   She was a victim of her own helplessness.   Desiree was in a negative situation completely outside of her control; she had no way of proving to Armand that she wasn’t black, since she had no way of knowing who her parents really were.   Thus her attempt at denial was futile, and she wa s a victim only of Armand’s cruelty.My opinion of â€Å"Story of an Hour† is that it allows the main character to be too much of a victim, without necessity.   If the readers are really supposed to feel sorry for her, then her husband probably shouldn’t be Mr. Wonderful.   â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† has a much more sympathetic main character in Desiree in that she was not able to prevent anything that happened to her from happening.   Everything that happened was as the result of other people’s doing; she had no role in any of it.   And yet she was the one who suffered the most and lost everything.   This is the ultimate cruelty.   Really, Louise Mallard simply just got what she wanted when all was said and done- before hearing about her husband’s death, she had been wishing for her own, which she got.  Ã‚   Desiree’s soul was crushed, and it was for no reason that she could control.

Soda Drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soda Drinks - Essay Example Soda drinks can be considered as refreshment drinks that one takes for the purpose of refreshment, acquisition of balance diet and for the purpose of easing fatigue. However, soda drinks undergoes reaction processes that can be well explained using chemical compositions and compounds. Important stage in the manufacture of carbonated drink process is the essence of high-pressure CO2 gas facilitation, which fills the cavities in the structure of liquids. This high pressure produces a hissing sound when cans as well as bottles carrying soda drinks are opened justifying the availability of carbonation processes. Carbon dioxide presence from the drink usually escapes forms a molecule called the nucleus with an aim of resisting fluids hence forming bubbles. The delicious sensation on the tongue is brought out by the existence of nucleus (Nivaldo 1 2-16). Shaking carbonated beverages accelerates the process of bubbles formation of the soft drink. However, we have got several factors that in fluences the process of carbon dioxide loss in water. This includes the surrounding temperature. When the temperature is low, the carbonation process is more effective and vice versa hence the gas is less dissolved under high temperature level (Maniatis 12-15).However, it is found that soft drinks are not compounds in nature but they are mixtures of various substances hence they do not have definite compound structure as well as definite composition structure. Substances such as carbon dioxide exhibits kinetic energy proportional to the temperature especially when in Free State just in air. Common ingredients in a soft drink include but are not partial to Water (H2O), Sucrose (C12H22O11), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), aspartame (C14H18N2O5), and artificial flavoring, which itself would be a list of several dozen and different chemicals as well. Meanwhile, during the processing of soft drinks reactions, we encounter exothermic reaction, which p roduces energy for stimulating and speeding up of carbon dioxide reactions. The exothermic chemical composition is represented as follows; C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2. This leads to a respiration chemical formula of C6 H12 O6 + 6 H20 + 6 CO2 + Energy to produce soda drinks reaction norm (Nivaldo 23-39). By lowering the kinetic energy level and through acquisition of low temperature, the carbon dioxide gets to dissolves in water at a stable state. If the temperature is raised, the carbon dioxide usually tend to fall off and that is the main reason as to why it is recommended to take carbonated beverages during cold condition or at cold state. Soda drink exhibits sour taste, which is generated by the existence of carbon dioxide giving it a pH value of around 3.2 to 3.7. Being carbonated makes the soda drinks becomes free from bacterial contamination. Carbon dioxide plays a vital role in provision of specific flavor, which functions as an antibacterial preservative adhesive with natu ral beverage dissolvent (Maniatis 21-26) The content of carbon dioxide found in soft drinks majorly depends on the type of the drink availed on the market. Those beverages characterized by the fruit flavors, they contains high level of sugar with low carbon dioxide. The gylceryl abietate also known as brominated vegetable oil majorly is found in orange soft drinks. These help keep fatty flavors suspended in the liquid (density balancers and

Discussion post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Discussion post - Essay Example As indicated in the regulations and guidelines issued by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, the IRB teams should comprise of at least five individuals including a representative of the community. This enables the IRB to review a proposed research on the basis of community, legal and professional acceptability (Codina, 2014). After going through ‘Protecting Human Research Participant’ course, I had an opportunity of discussing with a nurse engaging in research about prevention of ventilator pneumonia in babies in the ICU. From information gathered, the nurse had completed the initial training in research ethics prior to submission of a protocol. She was able to undertake the online training offered by the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI), for engaging institutions (Mateo & Foreman, 2013). In my workplace, the IRB comprises of two hospital administrators, clinicians, nurses, a professional in medical ethics, two lay individuals from the community, and a statistical professional. The IRB maintains an equal gender ratio. The IRB acts as a screening centre for issues of conflict of interest in research or institution and is also responsible for monitoring difficulties in the study. The IRB is governed by FDA, and its practices and policies are reviewed periodically for cert ification (Zenios et al.,

Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Essay

Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Example There is an avid need of EBP to understand the pattern in which these issues have been causing severity (Polit & Beck, 2012). The recent clinical experience also focused on the gland swelling after chemotherapy. However, EBP present in this area has rather allowed nurses to treat patients with protocol which cannot cause anymore rash to the glands because of excessive Taxol agents. As a matter of fact, my affiliation with my health care organization gives me a free hand to opt for EBP. The impression of EBP has relatively become very imperative. Policy makers would surely like to fund EBP because it is more likely to help the institution in a long run. The barrier as discussed by Adams (2010) regarding utilization of research and survey is one which is being experienced at the institution as well (Adams, 2010). The approach to make sure that this barrier is not coming in the way is to provide a mandatory submission for staff regarding nursing practices. If research and survey will be obliged then it is expected that the trend of research and its utilization will become easier and relatively

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Business Ethics - Essay Example Some important factors that come under the consumer vulnerability are as follows: Constitutional vulnerabilities: These may include the physical or mental disabilities which affect the consumers being unable to grasp or understand the information which may be in contracts, labels, advertisements etc and the ability to use or obtain services or products. Developmental vulnerabilities: Cognitive limitations play a bit role in this type of vulnerability. These are related to comprehending what is being told, knowledge level, which includes judging, reasoning and mental development. Another factor that is part of this is motivational factor. This concerns the adequacy concerns, security or health concerns and discovering ones individuality (Kaufman-Scarborough and Baker, 2005). These above mentioned factors are mostly found in children, adolescent (Martin and Gentry, 1997) or elder consumers (Moschis, 1992). Situational vulnerabilities: These may be internal or external factors affecting the consumer’s ability to interpret things and be taken advantage off. Some of these factors include personal crisis, which may involve stress related circumstances like finance, health, injury, etc, (Gentry et al., 1995) and sometimes language barrier or inability to understand legal wordings. External factors tend to include the surrounding economy or living conditions (Lee, Ozanne, and Hill, 1999) and even the barriers preventing from access. In other words, consumer vulnerability can also be defined as a powerless state, which may arise from the discrepancies in the interactions via media or face-to-face marketing or utilizing of marketed products or services without comprehending the complete information. It can be said that the actual vulnerability always arises from the consumers’ personal state, characteristic, or conditions he/she is in during the utilization of products or services which may get stuck or slow down and may affect perceptions of

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management Assignment - 2

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management - Assignment Example When choices increases, shaping and monitoring investment portfolios becomes more complicated and it is more exposed to excessive risks. To succeed in portfolio market, it requires one to make more research in order to learn how to evaluate fundamental issue and manage related risk. This increases effectiveness to clients and organization leading to more productivity. In order to succeed in investment environment, Nelly company they should have proper management of cash. They should always have knowledge of cash they receive from regular contribution of their members made and how much the fund grows. This will enable them to know the amount of money they will use to finance education (Kendrick, 2009).Later the company management should discus and make decisions on how to finance the education and how much they should have for the company to profit which will be available for contributor to make the withdraw. They should also come up with rules which should be favourable for the company and the contributor to minimize the amount they should withdraw than the amount they contribute (Elton & Gruber, 1995). The success of Nelly Company can be brought by setting complicated and favourable rules for members who would like to withdraw their funds and which can bring the member core benefits in future. The members who have more than four years and would like to withdraw their funds can be given a portion, say, 20 percent of their net contributions. The remainder should be used for funds creation at an interest which then and be allocated to these members on a residual basis. This ensures that the company remains a going concern and may not necessarily liquidate (Aiken, 2008). The company can also borrow quickly from other financing institution under a line of credit agreement, which permits company to have up to a specified maximum amount. The company will be able to buy marketable

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Business Ethics - Essay Example Some important factors that come under the consumer vulnerability are as follows: Constitutional vulnerabilities: These may include the physical or mental disabilities which affect the consumers being unable to grasp or understand the information which may be in contracts, labels, advertisements etc and the ability to use or obtain services or products. Developmental vulnerabilities: Cognitive limitations play a bit role in this type of vulnerability. These are related to comprehending what is being told, knowledge level, which includes judging, reasoning and mental development. Another factor that is part of this is motivational factor. This concerns the adequacy concerns, security or health concerns and discovering ones individuality (Kaufman-Scarborough and Baker, 2005). These above mentioned factors are mostly found in children, adolescent (Martin and Gentry, 1997) or elder consumers (Moschis, 1992). Situational vulnerabilities: These may be internal or external factors affecting the consumer’s ability to interpret things and be taken advantage off. Some of these factors include personal crisis, which may involve stress related circumstances like finance, health, injury, etc, (Gentry et al., 1995) and sometimes language barrier or inability to understand legal wordings. External factors tend to include the surrounding economy or living conditions (Lee, Ozanne, and Hill, 1999) and even the barriers preventing from access. In other words, consumer vulnerability can also be defined as a powerless state, which may arise from the discrepancies in the interactions via media or face-to-face marketing or utilizing of marketed products or services without comprehending the complete information. It can be said that the actual vulnerability always arises from the consumers’ personal state, characteristic, or conditions he/she is in during the utilization of products or services which may get stuck or slow down and may affect perceptions of

Molecular biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Molecular biology - Essay Example (Unemo & Nicholas, 2012). The developing multi drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the severe symptoms of the gonococcal infections, added to the socioeconomic burden and epidemiologically threatening aspects of the disease; drug resistance gonorrhea, its detection and diagnosis has acquired immense significance (Blomquist, et al., 2014). It is important to focus on preventing the spread of resistant forms as part of disease management. An essential requirement for controlling spread is enhancing surveillance through better diagnostic methods for identification and isolation of disease resistant pathogens. This project aims to introduce a novel method of diagnosis of drug resistance in clinical isolates of gonorrhea. The method presented in this paper involves the use of Tiling array for diagnosis of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The protocol is based on similar technology already used for development of protocols for drug resistance in other organisms. Tiling array is a derivation of microarray technology developed by Kapranov and colleagues (2002) and Shoemaker and colleagues (2001) that facilitates identification of previously unidentified transcripts through genome wide annotations. The initial euphoria associated with the utility and significance of antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs seems to fade with the rise in the bacterial strains exhibiting resistance to single as well as multiple drugs. Hence drug resistance has become an exponentially rising global health hazard rendering world population once again vulnerable to the threats of common diseases (Levy & Marshall, 2004). Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria have been known to exhibit multi-drug resistance leaving health care providers with no antimicrobial therapeutic agents ensuring control and management of

Despite Proctors Essay Example for Free

Despite Proctors Essay Another character introduced in Act two is Mary Warren. She is extremely important to the Act as she is what makes the connection between village life and the sentencing that is happening at the courts, and with the proctor household. She is the one who tells us that there have been thirty-nine arrests. When she first arrives in Act two we find that she has defied the orders of John and Elizabeth by going to the court. When told that she must not return she rebels using the excuse I am an official of the court. This is a fine example of how the hysteria of witchcraft has affected the everyday life in the community of Salem. Mary is a servant within the proctor household; she is paid nine pounds a year to keep the house. She is not in a position to rebel against the word of Elizabeth or John, and under normal circumstances would not do so. We know that this is peculiar behaviour because of Elizabeths reply to Proctor, when asked why she had let Mary go to the court. Elizabeth says She frightened all my strength away I forbid her to go, and she raises up her chin like the daughter of a prince and says to me, I must go to Salem, Goody Proctor. It is clear to us now just how much the affair between Proctor and Abigail influences the current events and the events that are to follow. Mary also plays another role within Act two; she portrays to us the amount of hate that Abigail holds for Elizabeth. When she reveals that she saved the life of Elizabeth in court, as her name had been mentioned among the accused. I saved her life today. She refuses to say by whom, I am bound by law, I cannot tell but it is obvious to the reader and to Elizabeth that Abigail Williams is the accuser. This shows Abigails malicious hate as by accusing Elizabeth she is striving towards an eventual execution. Elizabeth who is a smart woman anticipates this intense hate long before she discovers she has been accused and she says to John referring to Abigail and thinks to kill me, then to take my place. Another reason that proves Marys importance to Act two is that she illustrates to us the extremity of power that Abigail and the girls have. Throughout Act two Marys speech and stage directions imply a weak and feeble character. With a trembling decaying voice she has been edging towards offstage. It is apparent that she is constantly subject to the bullying of Proctor and that she gives into his bullying one hundred percent of the time. Yet in the last few pages of Act Two, Proctor, using violence is trying to persuade Mary to testify in court against Abigail to save his wife. Despite Proctors violent advances grasping her by the throat as though he would strangle her Mary sobs I cannot, I cannot. This shows Marys new changed belief that Abigail and the girls are more powerful and fearful than the man she has worked for and feared for so long. This event also marks the start of the loss of power John Proctor suffers from throughout the rest of the play. The Crucible plays host to many themes. The theme of tyranny (when a situation or person controls how you are able to live in an unfair way) is shown mainly by Abigails power over the girls, and their power over the people of Salem. By confessing to witchcraft, and publicly announcing their sudden devotion to God, and desperation to do his will, they give themselves great power over society. Abigails word becomes unassailable as does the word of the other girls. With this power they were able to control the rest of the Salem by fear. Another way in which Tyranny is shown is Proctors initial control over Mary. As she enters the scene she is greeted by Proctor with the words Ill whip you if you dare leave this house again. Mary is undoubtedly afraid of Proctor as he appears an extremely violent man to her. At the end of the Act Proctor uses violence yet again to get his own way, we know from Act three that she eventually does go to the court and testify. Another theme that is apparent in Arthur Millers The Crucible is fear. Every character in The Crucible is subjected to fear at some point within the story line, not just those who are accused. Those who are not accused fear that the sins of their friends and associates may taint their names and cause them to be found guilty of witchcraft: A key example of this is Parriss fear that the actions of Abigail and the rumours of witchcraft that surround his daughters coma will cost him his title as reverend. Those who are accused must face the fear, of being hung, they must also decide whether their fear of being hung, is greater than their fear of breaking one of the Ten Commandments by lying to save themselves. The different characters show their fear in various ways; the most interesting would be Proctor, whose fear is not for himself but for his wife. This differs from the fear of Francis Nurse and Giles Corey whos wives are also accused, as Proctor is having to balance the fear of the death of his wife, with the fear, or more the realisation that the death of his wife could be on his hands as she stands accused because of the malicious jealousy aroused within in Abigail when he finished their affair. He is also under pressure as he knows that he can put a stop to the girls accusations and save his wife by blackening his own name and admitting his lechery with Abigail. Proctor expresses this pressure with his line to Mary, My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! Another character subject to fear is the wife of John Proctor, Elizabeth. Elizabeth fears for her relation with John. Though they love each other very much their relationship has been scarred by the affair between Abigail and Proctor. She like Mary is also frightened of the power that Abigail possesses. As she knows that it is enough to condemn her to death. When she is taken by Cheever and Herrick we know she is scared as John says to her Fear nothing Elizabeth. and her next line is said (as indicated by stage direction) with great fear. Another character who is apparent to fear is Mary. From the moment she enters the scene she is subject to fear. First the fear of John as he violently questions her and makes to whip her Ill whip the devil out of you. Next the fear of incriminating herself or Elizabeth when Cheever and Herrick turn up at the house and she is called downstairs for questioning, and finally when she is once again being bullied by proctor to testify in court: here she is not only scared of Proctor but of what the girls and Abigail will do if she does turn on them. (in terror): I cannot, theyll turn on me

Medical Advances

Medical Advances Three of the most significant medical advances of the last two centuries are sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotics. Each of these advances has engendered enormous positive social and economic impacts in developed societies. Sanitation has successfully impeded pathogenic growth in human living spaces, vaccines have protected humans from historically prolific diseases such as smallpox, and antibiotics have also saved countless human lives through daily sanitation and disease cure. However, the impact of these three advances has not been fully realized because they have not yet reached substantial portions of the developing world, vaccines for several prolific diseases continue to elude researchers, and misuse of antibiotics has led to resistant bacterial strains and other health hazards. The rudiments of urban sanitation systems have been developed several times throughout human history but was nowhere near fully realized until the era of western industrialization in the 20h century. Once urbanization in the bronze age began to increase population densities in urban centers, increases in waste production required the use of outflowing systems like rivers to properly dispose of waste. The first documented system for sanitation was developed in the city of Mohenjo-Daro in 2600 BCE, and consisted of slits cut in the floors of houses to allow waste to drop into containers next to streets, and bath houses with covered channels that led to the nearby Indus River (â€Å"Mohenjo-Daro†). In addition, cities in the Roman Republic built the first documented sewer networks; for instance a massive combined sewer and storm drain called the Cloaca Maxima, or â€Å"The Great Drain† that carried waste and runoff water from Romes civilian houses, public buildings, and b ath houses to the Tiber River (Rich). However, the era that followed the fall of the Roman Republic saw a regression in sanitation technology in which most of the worlds civilizations operated without sanitation systems. For instance, the most common method to remove waste from living spaces in medieval Europe was to dump it into the street, where materials such as urine, feces, and wastewater from other domestic activities gathered and fostered bacterial, viral, and pest growth (Faria). Exponential growth of populations around industrializing centers without planned infrastructures made the immediate need for sewer systems evident. Citizens had heretofore relied either on dumping waste directly into waterways or simple cesspits, and the rapid growth of households using primitive sanitation methods increased the rate of contamination of groundwater, rivers, and other sources of fresh water. Stagnant sewage in cramped urban living conditions provided ideal conditions for growth of pathogens and caused outbreaks in many m ajor cities in the mid-19th century; the most common were those of cholera and typhoid fever. It was clear that the need for advances in sanitation was imminent. The most famous outbreak of the industrialization period is that of cholera linked to the London Broad Street water pump in 1854, in which a nearby cesspool had leaked sewage into groundwater and contaminated the well the water pump was drawing water from. The statistical analysis of cholera cases by physician John Snow that determined the connection between disease and contaminated water from the river provided irrefutable evidence that separating water resources and sewage is key to maintaining public health (Johnson). Outbreaks such as these in combination with the proliferation of the strong repulsive odor of sewage across all major industrialized cities prompted government authorities to take action and begin implementation of large sewer networks to isolate sewage from local water supplies. Arguably the greatest advance in sanitation came about in 1908, when Jersey City Water Works began to add chlorine to its water supply network in a practice now called chlorination. The process involves the addition of chlorine to water to form an equilibrium solution composed of chlorine, Hydrochloric acid and Hypochlorous acid, the last of which plays the main role of disinfection. Systemic chlorination drastically decreased the incidence of water-borne illnesses such as typhoid and cholera (Kitsap Public Utility District). The final major advance came in the 1950s, when the United States government provided funds for states to build wastewater treatment plants, which resulted in the majority of U.S. cities discharging treated water into rivers and oceans instead of raw sewage, an important component of sanitation that minimizes re-uptake of water harboring harmful pathogens and microorganisms. Development of modern sanitation systems has a significant effect on economic growth because its presence dramatically reduces the incidence of water-borne diseases and precludes their burden on worker productivity, student absenteeism, and medical costs. In addition, the reduction of sewage contamination in the developed world saves governments the cost of cleaning up environments to protect resources for human use. These benefits place in stark contrast the crude state of sanitation in parts of the developing world, who fail to reap these benefits because sanitation systems have not been implemented. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, investing in sanitation technology in developing countries is cost-beneficial and results in a â€Å"US$5 [to] US$11 economic benefit per US$1 invested† (Walter, and Hutton 39). Thus, cost-benefit analysis clearly favors investment by humanity for the whole of humanity. The social benefits of effective sanitation are not as tangible as economic ones but are no less significant. Accessible facilities for private and sanitary hygienic activities preserves human dignity and encourages sanitary habits. The relationship between cleanliness and moral purity has been culturally accepted throughout human history, and scientific support that clean environments promote moral behavior is presented in an upcoming paper in Psychological Science (Elton). The social harmony that proper sanitation promotes supports the idea of implementing sanitation in the developing world to deal with social unrest and violence. The second medical innovation, vaccination, is a more recent and specific advance in disease prevention. Its conceptual predecessor was inoculation, which was first documented credibly in 15th century China. The practice involved implantation of a disease agent such as pus from smallpox into a healthy individual who had never been infected to produce immunity (Needham 134). Vaccination replaced inoculation in 1796 when Edward Jenner used pus from a cowpox patient to inoculate a child; the child was then exposed to smallpox and subsequently did not exhibit infection with the virus. Shortly afterwards the British government mandated vaccination of children from smallpox, the first government push for mass vaccination in history; by 1800 â€Å"100,000 people had been vaccinated in Europe, and vaccination had begun in the United States† (Minna Stern, and Markel 613-614). In 1885, Louis Pasteur developed a rabies vaccine using samples obtained from dried infected rabbit tissue, wh ich was the first to be manufactured from weakened microorganisms. Further advances in biology and understanding of germs from the 19th century led to widespread research, development and implementation of vaccines to spread immunity from prolific diseases in the 20th century. A vaccine is now known as a preparation of attenuated or dead bacteria or viruses to stimulate production of antibodies in a patient. Although weakened pathogens carried a greater risk for infection than dead ones, they generally induce a stronger immune response and longer lasting immunity. A principal medical advance that allowed the production of durable vaccines is attenuation, the practice of passing the target virus through a nonhuman host to encourage adaptation through mutations when the virus replicated. Subsequent introduction into a human host to which the virus is not adapted to replicate allows the immune system to produce antibodies to recognize the same pathogen in future exposures. The development of consistently effective vaccines led to systematic mass immunizations against several worldwide diseases such as smallpox starting in the 19th century and polio in the mid-20th century. Government oversight in cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO) was essential to these worldwide efforts, and smallpox was in fact declared eradicated by the WHO in 1979 . Polio and measles are currently in the process of eradication (â€Å"Smallpox†). However, not all viruses are created equal, and certain viruses have eluded attempts by scientists to engineer an effective vaccine. The HIV virus is one such example; its high mutability and genetic divergence complicate attempts to design a vaccine in the same fashion as that of historically successful ones. To address this need, research to develop new types of vaccines that utilize only protein subunits of pathogens or delivery of viral DNA is ongoing. The elimination of globally endemic disease has been key to lowering mortality and raising life expectancy around the world, but has also engendered an interesting array of social and economic developments. For instance, the unequivocal success of vaccines against globally prolific viruses has undermined the economic motive for further production for vaccines for diseases more prevalent in the developing world. Because citizens in poorer nations cannot come close to affording the price of a vaccine in developed nations, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies lack the financial incentive to expand their markets. Solutions to lack of economic incentives include academic research and government incentives for vaccine development. Mass vaccination against the worlds historically endemic viruses has altered social attitudes in many ways. For instance, during the Middle Ages life expectancy was short due to the rampant disease and epidemics; death was accepted as a necessary part of life, and often as an act of God (Dumond). The drastic drop in mortality due to diseases such as smallpox in the late 19th and 20th centuries raised the life expectancy of the average human and replaced the cultural acceptance of death with a cultural appreciation of life. In other words, living longer and delaying death is now a universal goal because disease has dramatically improved the prospect of living up to biological potential. Thus, the success of vaccines has cultured a social ignorance of the danger of viruses because deaths due to disease are so much rarer than in previous historical eras. The last of the three medical innovations, antibiotics, has been used since humans have experimented with chemicals and substances from plants to discover remedies for diseases. Disinfection typically involved use of either plants believed to have healing properties or chemicals known to inhibit or kill organisms. Arsenic was one such remedy, and its broad toxicity meant that patients would also suffer serious side effects. Thus, the discovery of substances with high specificity and few side effects in humans was one of the great historical developments in modern medicine. The first discovery in modern antibiotics was of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming due to a coincidence now famous in science: a Staphyloccocus sample mistakenly left in the open had been growth-inhibited by a Penicillium mold. However, a German scientist named Gerhard Domagk was the first to develop a commercial antibiotic called Prontosil with broad action against Gram-positive cocci. Mass production of antibiotics was simple and relied on fermentation in large containers of growth medium for the target organism to produce the secondary metabolite. Modern development of partially synthetic or entirely synthetic antibiotics involves either chemical modification of metabolites after fermentation or synthesis from a naturally occurring skeleton. Unfortunately, the misuse of antibiotics is leading to increasing prevalence of resistant strains of bacteria around the world. Incorrect diagnosis, improper administration, improper disposal, and overuse in livestock often lead to antibiotic resistance because bacteria can perform horizontal gene transfer through plasmid exchange. Thus, resistance genes can rapidly proliferate in a population of bacteria once one has genetically mutated and become immune to a particular antibiotic. For example, if a patient using a prescribed antibiotic stops taking it before the infection is completely eradicated, horizontal gene transfer will allow the few bacteria who have developed resistance throughout the duration of the infection to pass on the resistance gene and prolong the infection. One of the most alarming cases of resistance is that of Staphylococcus aureus, or the staph infection; the bacterium has shown historically to be extremely adaptable. For example, 40% of patients with staph i nfections were resistant to administration of penicillin by 1950, less than 10 years after the antibiotic was introduced (Chambers 178). Staphyloccocus aureus is now also resistant to a variety of other antibiotics such as tetracycline and methicillin. Although this problem has traditionally been isolated to hospitals, Community-acquired MRSA is now expanding in urban communities, and is responsible for several fatal conditions such as necrotizing fasciitis, or flesh eating disease. The economic benefits of antibiotics, which are similar to vaccines because it deals with pathogens through a direct biological pathway, are complicated by the rise of bacterial resistance. However, this has also provided economic impetus to invest in development of synthetic antibiotics as demand for alternatives rises. More specifically, the threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA has spurred the development of oxazolidones, a newer class of antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria. The first generation of this class of antibiotics is Linezolid, which disrupts the protein synthesis of Gram-positive bacteria; its mechanism for disruption occurs at a much earlier step than most other protein inhibitor antibiotics (Brickner 175). Linezolid is currently utilized as a last resort against MRSA and resistance has been low ever since its introduction in 1999 (Jones, Ross Castanheira, and Mendes 424). It is likely that research into synthetic drugs, the newest development in th e antibiotic industry, will continue as long as antibiotic resistance persists. The widespread use of antibiotics in medicines, soaps, and household cleaning supplies has created the social perception of a sterile domestic environment for human activities. This perception is partially justified in that regular use in daily routines and sicknesses has dramatically reduced illness and engendered a social paradigm shift away from the concept of death comparable to that of vaccination. In fact, use of antibiotics may have brought about a complacency towards bacterial threats to the human body because its use is ingrained in human hygienic habits. However, the recent revelation of superbugs like MRSA has also brought about a social awareness of antibiotic resistance, and this may result in another shift towards understanding how to handle antibiotics responsibly. In sum, sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotic implementation has drastically reduced the prevalence of classic diseases in modern society. Previous scourges of humanity such as smallpox, cholera, and the black plague that ravaged human life are now essentially historical footnotes in the chronology of human medical achievements. Medical advances have brought about generally positive economic and social changes through reduction of health care through prevention, and a culture less concerned with death on a daily basis. However, these advances have not been distributed equally among all peoples of the world; many citizens of developing countries without effective sanitation, medical supplies, and access to vaccines of antibiotics continue to be at the mercy of the aforementioned scourges of humanity. References Brickner, SJ (1996). Oxazolidinone antibacterial agents. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2 (2): 175–94. . Chambers, HF (2001). The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis 7 (2): 178–82. . â€Å"Chlorination of Drinking Water. Kitsap Public Utility District. 005 2004. Department of Health, Web. 5 Nov 2009. . Development and Cooperation SDC, Web. 6 Nov 2009. . Dumond, Katie. Attitudes Towards Death: Past to Present. University of Maine at Machias. 12 005 2009. Web. 2 Nov 2009. . Elton, Catherine. Do Clean Smells Encourage Clean Behavior? TIME 23 010 2009: n. pag. Web. 5 Nov 2009. . Faria, Miguel A. Medical History Hygiene and Sanitation. Hacienda Publishing, Inc.. 2002. Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Web. 5 Nov 2009. . Hodges, L. (1977). Environmental Pollution (2nd ed.). New York: Rinehart and Winston. p.189. Hutton, Gary, and Lawrence Haller. Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Water and Sanitation Improvements at the Global Level. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene. 2004. World Health Organization, Web. 1 Nov 2009. . Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: The Story of Londons Most Terrifying Epidemic and How it Changed Science, Cities and the Modern World. Riverhead Books. p.206. Jones RN, Ross JE, Castanheira M, Mendes RE (December 2008). United States resistance surveillance results for linezolid (LEADER Program for 2007). Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 62 (4): 416–26. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.10.010. Minna Stern, Alexandra, and Howard Markel. The History of Vaccines and Immunization: Familiar Patterns, New Challenges. Health Affairs 24.3 (2005): 612-614. Web. 1 Nov 2009. . Mohenjo-daro. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. 25 Oct. 2009 . Needham, Joseph. (1999). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 6, Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Page 134. Olesen OF, Lonnroth A, Mulligan B (2009). Human vaccine research in the European Union. Vaccine 27 (5): 640–5. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.064. Rich, Hamper. Roman Sanitation. The Rth Dimension. 20 001 2008. Rich Hamper, Web. 5 Nov 2009. . Smallpox. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. http://web.archive.org/web/20071009141639/http://www.afip.org/Departments/infectious/sp/text/1_1.htm. Waksman, Selman A. (1947). What Is an Antibiotic or an Antibiotic Substance?. Mycologia 39 (5): 565–569. doi:10.2307/3755196.

Deconstructing the clock Essay -- essays research papers

Summary Ever since the dawn of civilization we have observed time by its natural occurrence and we also relied on man made primitive tools to measure time. In the beginning, time has always been a natural event, for example, sunrise to sunset but men’s earlier primitive tools to measure time were inaccurate and were only an approximate indicator, hence often unreliable such as the hour glass.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We became enslaved by the concept of time; our society is controlled by this mechanical device which dictates our schedule accordingly. Time has evolved from a simple method of nature into a measurable product which can be sold and bought. The industrial capitalism owes its existence to the concept of time, without time, the means of worker exploitation wouldn’t exist today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The clock first appeared during the 11th century â€Å"...as a device for ringing bells at regular intervals in monasteries†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Woodcock 883). During the 13th century the first authenticated clock appeared then 14th century came to popularizes clocks â€Å"†¦as common ornaments of the public building in German cities† (Woodcock 883). The early clocks were operated by weight and weren’t really accurate to depend on but during the 16th century, a greater reliability was achieved, the Hampton clock was the first accurate clock in the 1540’s. The Hampton clock only had the hour hands and the two other hands are still not implemented â€Å"The idea of measuring time in minut...

The True Meaning Of A Religion Essay -- Religion

The True Meaning of a Religion Religion can be found almost everywhere around us, influencing ones lifestyle and surroundings much more than we are aware of. Often becoming a huge element of society in several areas of our lives. Though some argue one is born already knowing their religious faith, classifying religion as something that cannot be learned but more as an inner spirituality present at birth. Other would say there is no doubt religion is socially constructed and subconsciously learned plus spread through peers, family or close ones, strongly impacting societies and cultures. Some sort of hidden objective or purpose whether is it political, spiritual or other, motivates the creation of a religion through a "designated" individual, claimed to be here to spread the word, send a message to members of society and make changes or corrections in the name of faith. Often, we witness activists or political figures use religion to emphasize and point out the spiritual aspect behind their messages or motivation s to attract followers. Every so often new faiths emerge, giving people hope and spiritual strength to fight for their happiness in times of despair and oppression, the Rastafarian Religion being a perfect reflection of that. An unusual and still barely recognized religion surfacing in hope for a better life, giving them the power to rebel against their oppressors and enforcing a stronger sense of community and understanding between each others. Centuries ago Africans were kidnapped from their native home and enslaved by Europeans. Many were taken from Ethiopia and brought to the Western world. In the process the Europeans introduced them to the Bible in effort to "civilize" them. Slaves were not allowed to read, b... ...en found behind the new creation and development of a new religion or way of life. Most Often the case of a social problem, leading to furthermore say that religion is socially constructed for a reason or another. Whether is because of political and economic oppression or simply going back to ones roots and being able to emphasize and bring out ones race and heritages by using the principles of a religion. WORK CITED PAGE Dubb, Adjua. "Rastafari-way of life." JamWork.org. 2000-2005 http://www.jahworks.org/music/features/rastafari.html, April 22, 2006. Napti P. "Jamaicans of Ethiopian Origin and Rastafarian Faith." Caribbean Lifestyles Magazine. Peter Simeon. feb/march 1995. http://web.syr.edu/~affellem/napti.html April 22, 2006. Rastafari Movement. April 22, 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari. April 22, 2006.

Hospitality Management Essay

What is Hospitality Management? Simply defined, Hospitality Management is the administration of policies and procedures relating to aspects of the hospitality industry/ industries such as hotels, motels, tourist attractions so on and so forth. Managing such categories may include indirect or direct supervision, administrative duties, critical thinking and a willingness to do what needs to be done in order to be successful. In my opinion, there are certain personal attributes that would allow an individual to be a successful manager within the hospitality industry. The main attribute would be an individual that strives for complete guest satisfaction. Although this may seem like a difficult or nearly impossible task, customer satisfaction is the key to the successful businesses. Guests don’t necessarily come back to a service, guests and customers often return back to a feeling. A feeling that they were taken care of and a notion that their business mattered! Guest satisfaction is anchored in customer service. As a manager within the hospitality industry, customer service is a skill that must be utilized by the manager and each and every subordinate employed within the establishment. This specific attribute is the backbone within the organization. Customer service will be the direct link to the ultimate goal of customer satisfaction. Complete customer satisfaction is the goal and customer service is the tool used to accomplish that goal. Determining what attributes I deem as a necessity for being a successful manager in the hospitality business come largely in part from my work experience for The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas. The Cosmopolitan is the newest resort and casino located on the famous Las Vegas stip. I am truly proud to say that I work for this amazing employer. I will cherish the experiences and life lesson that I have learned there always. The Cosmopolitan is not your normal hotel and casino. From the beginning, before the door even opened, he took class after class trying to teach the employees the importance of customer service, team work, empowering all of our employees, as well as having just the right amount of wrong so that we stood out; being a bit edgy! It was  our mission to be different, to break all of the stereotypes that were given to casinos, as well as the casino workers. We did not want to beat our direct competition, we wanted to be in a class all of our own. That is a goal that we have generally accomplished. Previous to my employment with The Cosmopolitan, I had always been taught and shown that manager handled all of the decisions. The subordinated just handled all of the leg work, if you will, while the managers made all the decisions. In my new position I realized that this former education was not suitable for successful relationships or an effective means to obtain customer satisfaction. I started empowering my subordinates by allowing them to make decisions. This new empowerment started with a program called the Make It Right program. Through this program, each and every one of the employees were given 2 Make it Right cards to start out with. Upon their discretion, they were allowed to give one to a guest that was not satisfied with their stay or experience. Some examples of when it would be appropriate to give out this card would be that the guest was supposed to check in at 3 and they were not able to get in their room until 8. Another example would be that the guests were supposed to have coffee pots in their rooms, but some of the pots were breaking so we did not have enough. An employee could then giv e out a card with enough money for 2 pots of coffee through room service. The employee would give out as much or as little as they deemed necessary for the specific situation. Of course all of the cards given out were monitored to ensure that proper distribution was taken place. The astonishing fact regarding this program, 95% of the cards were never given out. Employees were so set in their ways and not comfortable with the new freedom to make decisions that they simply were not comfortable making to decision on their own. This is where the managers came in, to attempt to empower their employees in smaller steps, as to make the employees more comfortable making decisions. Although ultimately the program was not as successful as what was hoped for, it showed me the utter importance of changing the way that I would treat my employees. I felt the importance of allowing them to make decisions and to feel as though that is a part of their job from the beginning. Another program that was started id called Reach. Reach allows selected employees to be spokesperso ns for their department. Every week a member from each department will go and mentor with another scheduled  department. For an example, a member of food and beverage will go and mentor with the front desk and then the front desk representative will mentor with the housekeeping department. These interactions are important as these employees will act like liaisons between the different departments. This program allows all employees to see where problems may be arising and that is the first step in solving all future and current problems. The data and feedback from these interactions are then given to the managers. It is then the manager’s job to take corrective action if necessary and help facilitate any changes that need to be made. This program allows managers and subordinates to be on the same page and reach out to all of the additional segments within the company to ensure that everyone is one the same page with promotions, upcoming events, banquets, and potential problems that have arose. Hospitality management is a position in which you have a great responsibility. The hospitality industry is about people. People that are choosing to share their life moments with you within your organization. They are sharing their weddings, vacations, conferences, birthday, anniversaries, and all other personal celebrations with you. Our guests and customers are completely dependent upon you to fulfill their expectations. Being a manager in the hospitality industry is managing, coordinating, instructing and being whatever needs to be done to fulfill those expectations. References Walker, J. L. (2006). Introduction to Hospitality, 4e (4th ed.). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader.aspx. Powers, T., & Barrows, C. A. (2006). Introduction into Hospitality (8th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization

The client: Elena Elena is an adolescent female, coming to the therapy process demonstrating through actions and words a great deal of anxiety and overall apathy for her situation. Elena is a smart, socially engaged Mexican American attending public high school. She opens the session with presenting problems regarding conflict over what she might do after high school. Preliminary conceptualization from a cognitive perspective Overall, there is an obvious feeling of disempowered regarding her right and or ability to make life decisions.She comes from a close-knit family, though some of her siblings have moved away to seek out goals beyond those that they may feel their parents are putting upon them. She has recently begun to disengage academically and socially as she feels the urgency of choosing to adhere to family tradition or to go out on her own, like her peers. Though she says she has not yet made a decision, know that cognition mediates affect and behavior (Friedburg 101).From t his perspective a therapist might conclude that her recent apathy toward academics and isolating herself from her peers show that she indeed is letting the thoughts of â€Å"I must listen to my parents† drive her life perspective. It is promising from a cognitive standpoint, that she shows some jealousy toward her boyfriend and others: Perhaps the anger when discussing her family dynamics and recent history is most telling that Elena could benefit from Beck’s Socratic dialogue.The pluralistic views that come from her own identity within her biculturalism are strongly embedded, and the therapist demonstrated this by demonstrating lots of open questions. Letting Elena focus on herself as an individual rather than a Mexican-American could lead to meaningful exploration and collaborative cognitive change to help Elena feel more empowered.When counseling adolescents from a cognitive perspective the counselor must remember that under any circumstances this may be the first t ime that these clients might see their actions and behaviors, and question the beliefs that may have become embedded during childhood. Elena obviously needs a relatively short-term look into these feelings due to her grades slipping and applying for colleges, if she so chooses. Asking a client â€Å"what is going through your mind right now† (Murdock 337) is one of the base approaches to beginning to help the client recognize their individual thought patterns.This is a question that is difficult for many adults, and though adolescents in general can be more open to change, Elena’s worldview as a bicultural young woman is overpowering any other automatic thoughts that she might have; it is culturally appropriate for a young Mexican American to disregard her own thoughts and needs for the good of the family—which Elena does in fact voice (Rochlen 2009). As an observer to this case scenario, the challenge, due to age and culture, seems very difficult. The video dem onstrates this strong schema Elena has developed that exudes this overwhelming disempowerment.I believe this schema of overall disempowerment is deeply embedded and will be difficult to challenge through cognitive therapy. Additionally, Mexican culture tends to see the counselor as â€Å"expert† and the collaborative aspect of cognitive therapy may prove to be at the least uncomfortable for Elena, if not ineffective. Elena may continue to rely on others’ to make decisions for her, to give her an unconditional guarantee (Corey 107), if this base belief cannot be penetrated due to adherence to cultural tradition, fear of change, or if Elena is unable to begin to identify these automatic thoughts. Possible cognitive strategiesIn general, Latino Americans traditionally have strong family bonds and honor generational wisdom (Sue 377) Through the current political venue of the United States and popular culture, Mexican-Americans may fall prey to stereotypes and inherently fe el a disconnect or poor self-image: American beliefs certainly account for this inner struggle Elena is feeling. Because this is pervasive and overarching in American culture where to begin with Elena in imperative. There is a lot behind these feelings, and as an adolescent who is struggling the counselor should take these omnipresent cultural truths into consideration.It is promising to me that Elena is already speaking about her siblings: I see this as an open door for initiating questions that challenge Elena’s view of herself as a young Mexican American. I would certainly recognize Elena’s frustration and give lots of positive regard as she speaks about her presenting problem. Cognitively, I would go back to Elena’s conversation regarding the varying paths her siblings have chosen. I would respectfully move through this aspect of cognitive therapy so as to not threaten Elena’s loyalty to her family.Since Beck’s model is based on a leading rathe r than a more confrontational approach, I would use this to my advantage to allow her to explore her emotions about her siblings and their life choices. I see this as an aspect of Elena’s life experience that may allow Elena to begin to explore self-identity outside of the effects of biculturalism. Keeping the central focus of thought exploration on how she might challenge her beliefs about her life choices through reflecting on her siblings’ life choices may be a safe way to allow Elena to begin connecting the deeper thoughts behind her ability to make life choices.From a cognitive perspective and the lens of cultural identity, my goal for Elena would be for her to begin understanding that many are facing overwhelming decisions within their own cultural context. At some point everyone must decide to respect family wishes or go out on her own. Elena would be challenged to explore the beliefs she holds regarding herself as a Mexican American; she could begin to see how the complex construct is not a means to an end. Helping Elena expose automatic thoughts and change subsequent behaviors could serve to identify the struggle she will face as a bicultural woman in America today.Obviously, this grander focus this approach toward the â€Å"big picture† provides empowerment, but is daunting. Collaboratively, it would be ideal to praise Elena for exploring her identity on a grander scale. At this point, I would encourage Elena to do some homework: Her recent social isolation undermines her support system and exploration of self-identity. Many of her friends to do not sound as if they are struggling as bicultural adolescents: Meeting with a Latino cultural group on her local college campus would be an ideal way to allow her to feel empowered as well as supported.I am sure that many others have faced this kind of multicultural dilemma in their formative years, and have come up with myriad life choices. Though I can help Elena begin to understand and possibly question her core beliefs that drive her behaviors, she will need safe and pertinent ways to explore them. Elena is a very intelligent young lady, and I do think from our observation that she inherently knows that as well.Finding places and people with whom she can identify will empower her—not pressuring her into making a decision about her next step in life; with a goal toward hearing other stories of biculturalism in America and give her a comfortable place to explore her wishes for her own future and how she might find congruency between her choices and her heritage. I am certain that once her belief of what it means to be Mexican-American is challenged in some authentic way, she will begin to explore her automatic thoughts about cultural identity.My hope in working with Elena from a cognitive perspective is that she will begin to see her own identity and realize how her own thoughts had created a situation that most certainly is not the only possible scenario f or her path in life. Relevant multicultural considerations From the perspective of a bilingual educator and a culturally aware individual, I was ultimately unable to separate Elena’s biculturalism from the cognitive approaches and questioning that I would practice with Elena.Though this aspect of Elena’s life situation appears hopeless to her now, I believe through finding authentic ways to identify with successful, independent Mexican-Americans she might begin to expose the prevailing automatic thoughts leading her to these isolating, dichotomous conclusions. The last relevant multicultural aspect that I have not addressed is it would be imperative that I find an opportunity to speak with Elena’s family, and connect them with other families who are raising children in a bicultural environment.This is ideal because Latino families need opportunities to be involved in the community and support one another in myriad ways. non-productive cognitive approaches Note h ow at the beginning of this integrated discourse regarding Elena’s pull toward family tradition and sense of loss for her dreams of going to college I was careful to note which door felt safe and respectful to collaboratively open with Elena.Siblings, cousins, aunts and uncles may â€Å"stay out of family business† such as the pressure from her mother, but it would be culturally insensitive for me to have Elena challenge her thoughts and risking her attaching them to family ties. That is already were Elena is, and traditionally Mexican-Americans see the counselor as â€Å"expert,† which could disengage long-standing family traditions and dynamics. I am convinced that approaching Elena through questions about herself, her riends, her academic life, and family would have made her feel that cognition is knowable and accessible, which is an underlying foundation of Beck’s theory. If a counselor were to solely base their approach, without multicultural conside rations, on cognitive therapy with Elena as an individual it could serve to not allow herself to fully feel her human emotions, nor to bring awareness that change is central to the human process.I do not think asking Elena to explain how her beliefs construct her reality without first finding meaningful ways for her to relate to others outside of herself could she effect any change at all. Cognitive therapy, through the lens of multiculturalism, must always consider the bigger picture of what their life perspective really is: If challenged directly about her mother Elena may have only further solidified her commitment to fail at school to have a concrete reason to obey her parents.

Business and Social Approaches to Social Media Opportunities and Essay

Business and Social Approaches to Social Media Opportunities and Issues - Essay Example 3-7). Social media is defined to as the tools of communication available online that give people a platform to share opinions, views and obtain the resources that they need (Simour et al 2011, p. 3-7). There is use of tools such as texts, audio and visual resources among others. It is also known as social networking. Social media has brought with it innumerable changes in the way people to interact (Simour et al 2011, p. 4-7). The direct way of living and communication is slowly being replaced by virtual communication. Virtual is a word that means being effective, but not in the direct sense of it. The actual subject is represented by someone or something else but in every way represented. For example a person may be presented in the presence of their agent (Ludlow 1996, p. 67-75). The social interactions through the social media bring about virtual interaction. It is clear that expression of one self in the modern day is done through the social networking. The feelings of happiness, disappointments, and excitements, among other feelings, are expressly shared in the social net workings. In the modern day, one can literally receive every sort of information from the social media. Every thing that is of importance to the growth of the community is found in the social networks (Thielke 2011, p 48-55). For example, information on deaths, birth, and peaceful existence of people within the society is found in the social media. One therefore eliminates the need to relate with people directly as it were in the days past. As a matter of concern, whatever was once directly experienced has now shifted to mere representation of the same. Change has been inevitable with the upcoming of social network as far the corporate world is concerned (Ludlow 1996, p. 66-69). For any given person in the business arena, such change must be analyzed in terms of opportunities and threats to the enterprise. The enterprise is faced with the challenge of considering whether the

Impact of Demand and Supply on Price and Quantity Essay

Impact of Demand and Supply on Price and Quantity - Essay Example For ringing out the inverse relationship between price and quantity, we have to assume that other things are equal which means that all the factors, other than the price of the goods remain unchanged. This is called the ceteris paribus assumption. In the diagram, the line ABC is called a demand curve which shows the inverse relationship between the price and quantity demanded. The demand curve will always slope downwards to the right. The most important reason for the demand curve sloping downwards is the operation of the law of diminishing marginal utility. The law of diminishing marginal utility explains that the consumer will buy more and more of a commodity only at a lesser price. The term supply means the quantities of goods and services which a seller is willing and able to offer for sale at a price during a period of time. Thus, supply is always at a price, at a particular point of time and at a certain quantity. The law of supply states that other things being equal higher the price greater will be the quantity supplied by the producer and lower the price smaller will be the quantity supplied. There is a direct and positive relationship between price and quantity supplied.. ... LAW OF SUPPLY The term supply means the quantities of goods and services which a seller is willing and able to offer for sale at a price during a period of time. Thus, supply is always at a price, at a particular point of time and at a certain quantity. The law of supply states that other things being equal higher the price greater will be the quantity supplied by the producer and lower the price smaller will be the quantity supplied. There is a direct and positive relationship between price and quantity supplied. ABC is the supply curve. The relationship between the price and quantity supplied is depicted by the supply curve. When price remains constant producers or sellers may come forward to supply less or more at a particular price. This is referred to as a shift in supply. DEMAND INCREASES and SUPPLY INCREASES When both the demand and supply increases the quantity will not be much affected because an increase in demand will be met by an increase in supply. This situation mostly is found during the long period when the firm will have adequate time and resources to meet the increase in demand. In the long run, all the factors are variable. Under the long period, supply and demand fluctuate freely and they become equal. Therefore there will not be much increase or decrease in price and price will remain stable. During the long period, there is ample time for the firm to increase the capital for the expansion of plant and machinery to increase the quantity of output, according to the increase in demand. Therefore supply can be changed to meet the increased demand of any commodity.